INKJET PRINTER

Inkjet printer

• A device which is used to print a document is known as Inkjet printer.

Principle of Inkjet printer

• Inkjet printer uses Static charges in its operation.

                                         
                                                 Construction of Inkjet printer

• Source of Ink (Black or  of the mixture of many inks).

• Pump (Motor).

• Slit (Nozzel).

• Electrodes (Charging plates and Deflection plates).

• Two parallel plates having equal but opposite charges.

• Blank page.

• P.C or Laptop (to type anything).

• Gutter (to gain deflecting electrons or for liquid waste).

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PHOTOCOPY MACHINE

Photocopier (Photocopy machine)

• A device which is used to photocopy a document in known as Photocopier.

    Xerography

• A process of dry writing is known as Xerography.

    Principle of Photocopier

• A Photocopier uses Static charges in its operation.

                                                        Construction of Photocopier

• Drum of excellent Al conductor.

• Bulb (Source of light).

• Convex lens (to focus light on drum).

• Battery (to provide Current on drum).

• Blank page (to gain a sketch of given paper).

• Toner Cartridge (Black special powder).

• Heated Rollers (to melt Toner Cartridge).

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND USES OF ALKANES

Physical properties and uses of alkanes:

1. Physical State

• C1          C4    (Gases)
• C5          C17  (Liquids)
• C18        To onward     (Solids)

  
      2.Solubility

• They are mostly insoluble in Water.
• They are soluble in Non-polar solvents or Organic solvents.

e.g     Benzene , Carbontetrachloride, Chloroform , Ether e.t.c.


       3.Melting and Boiling points

• The have low M.P and B.P but they are increased by 20 to 30 degree centigrade when ther are increased by CH2 group.

       4.Density and Viscosity

• Thy have low density and viscosity which is increased within the increase in Carbon atoms.

        5.Effect of branches

• Straight chain Alkanes have high melting and boiling points than that of branched Alkanes.

                                                                      Uses

• They are used in the preparation of very important chemicals.

      e.g.   Chloromethane, Dichloromethane , Chloroform , Carbontetrachloride.

• They are used for the manufacturing of Carbon Black which is used in the preparation of Polish , Ink , Tire , Trace paper.

• They are used as Fuels like Motor fuels , Domestic fuels , Industrial fuels.

• They are used  in illuminating purposes.

• They are used in the preparation of Fertilizers.Urea is most common Fertilizer which mostly prepared by Methane.

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NOMENCLATURE OF MIXED UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS

Nomenclature of mixed Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.

     Steps:

• Chain selection.
• Numbering.
• Naming.

1. Select the continuous and longest chain of Carbon atoms but it should involved all those Carbon atoms which are attached with multiple bonds (double as well as triple bonds).

    
     2.Select the chain which have maximum branches.


     3.Numbering should be started from that side which is nearest to the multiple bonds (double and triple bonds).


     4.If more than one multiple bonds are present , the numbering should be started from that side which is nearest to the stem chain neglecting the position of branch.


    5.If double and triple bonds are present at same position regarding stem chain , double bond should be considered first to bring the uniform material.


    6.If double and triple bonds are present at equal distance although second triple bond is nearest to the stem chain then double bond should be considered first.


    7.Triple bond should be neglected while selecting the chain and should be written last in the name with its locater number.

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